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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Autonomic Nervous System01:22

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
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The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Dexmedetomidine and regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge in aged F344 rats.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
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Autonomic nervous system and immune system interactions.

M J Kenney1, C K Ganta

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The autonomic and immune systems communicate through neural and non-neural pathways. Understanding these complex neuroimmune interactions is vital for chronic disease research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Physiological Regulation

Background:

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and immune system are intricately linked.
  • Bidirectional communication pathways exist between central autonomic networks and peripheral immune status.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for comprehending health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on integrative autonomic-immune physiological processing.
  • To explore the mechanisms of communication between the nervous and immune systems.
  • To highlight the role of these interactions in disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing electrophysiological, pharmacological, molecular biological, and central nervous system experimental approaches.

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  • Analysis of neural and non-neural communication pathways.
  • Examination of cytokine and immune factor effects on autonomic nerve activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytokines modulate sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, influencing immune responses.
    • Sympathoimmune interactions depend on neurotransmitters, adrenergic receptors, and local microenvironments.
    • Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways involve peripheral cholinergic-adrenergic interactions.
    • Immune cells express adrenergic and nicotinic receptors, mediating neuroimmune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems orchestrate neuroimmune processes.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate complex adrenergic-cholinergic interactions.
    • Understanding neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms is critical for chronic disease research and autonomic nervous system function.