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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Time to begin a new chapter and expand rotavirus immunization.

Evan J Anderson1

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rotavirus vaccination significantly reduced disease in infants and others via indirect protection. Expanding immunization could further improve public health, despite past safety concerns.

Keywords:
ageimmunizationintussusceptionrotavirusvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Rotavirus vaccine use in infants was limited due to intussusception risks with RotaShield.
  • Rotavirus vaccination was implemented for young infants in 2008.
  • Significant declines in rotavirus disease were observed post-implementation.

Observation:

  • Declines in rotavirus disease benefited both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
  • Concerns about long-term effectiveness exist due to incomplete, non-lifelong immunity.
  • Vaccination completion rates have plateaued below 70%.

Findings:

  • Current strategies may leave a substantial susceptible population at risk.
  • Indirect protection from infant vaccination benefits the unvaccinated.

Implications:

  • Expanding rotavirus vaccination beyond current age recommendations could offer significant public health benefits.
  • Benefits of expanded vaccination likely outweigh the minimal risks of intussusception.
  • Further research into rotavirus vaccine efficacy and safety is warranted.