Selective androgen receptor modulators as improved androgen therapy for advanced breast cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Androgens were previously a primary treatment for advanced breast cancer.
• Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors are now preferred due to better side-effect profiles.
• Androgen receptor expression is common in breast tumors, yet its role remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical and current use of androgens in advanced breast cancer.
• To explore the conflicting evidence regarding androgen receptor's role in breast cancer.
• To highlight the potential of novel selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).

Main Methods:

• Literature review of androgen therapy in advanced breast cancer.
• Analysis of clinical trial data on SERMs, aromatase inhibitors, and androgen receptor ligands.
• Examination of molecular characterization studies on breast tumors and androgen receptor expression.

Main Results:

• Androgen receptor antagonists have been the focus of modern clinical research.
• Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) demonstrate improved side-effect profiles.
• Renewed interest in androgen agonist therapy for advanced breast cancer is emerging.

Conclusions:

• Despite historical use, androgens were replaced by SERMs and aromatase inhibitors.
• Conflicting data on androgen receptor function complicates treatment choices.
• Emerging selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) may revitalize androgen agonist therapy for breast cancer.