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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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Late-onset persistent visual hallucinations with epileptiform discharge.

Tsuyoshi Miyaoka1, Rei Yasukawa, Tsuruhei Sukegawa

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Late-onset visual hallucinations in a 58-year-old female were linked to epileptiform discharges. Treatment with sodium valproate resolved the discharges and hallucinations, suggesting an organic cause.

Keywords:
Charles Bonnet syndromeLate-onset persistent visual hallucinationepileptiform dischargesodium valproate

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Late-onset visual hallucinations can be challenging to diagnose.
  • Epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography (EEG) are typically associated with seizures.
  • The presentation of visual hallucinations without other overt seizure symptoms is uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of late-onset visual hallucinations associated with epileptiform EEG discharges.
  • To investigate the potential link between epileptiform activity and visual hallucinations.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of sodium valproate in treating this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 58-year-old female.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) to detect brain activity.
  • Clinical observation of visual hallucinations and neurological status.
  • Treatment with sodium valproate.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with abrupt, persistent visual hallucinations.
  • EEG revealed prominent epileptiform discharges (diffuse sharp and slow wave complex).
  • No other psychotic symptoms or epileptic seizures were observed.
  • Epileptiform discharges resolved within 20 days of sodium valproate treatment.
  • Clinical improvement of hallucinations correlated with EEG improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Late-onset visual hallucinations can be associated with underlying epileptiform activity.
  • Sodium valproate may be an effective treatment for visual hallucinations linked to epileptiform discharges.
  • The etiology of these hallucinations may involve organic factors, warranting further investigation.