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Other Disorders of Digestive System

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant...

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.

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The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

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Psychiatric disorder in essential dyspepsia.

S Kumar¹, R Khannar, B Hajra

¹Institute of Psychiatry, London.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice

|June 20, 2014

Summary

Psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, are common in patients with essential dyspepsia. Treating these mental health conditions can improve both psychiatric symptoms and dyspepsia.

Keywords:

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Major Depressive Disorder dyspepsia essential dyspepsia non-ulcer dyspepsia

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Psychiatry
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Essential dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder.
The role of psychiatric comorbidity in essential dyspepsia is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in patients with essential dyspepsia.
To assess the short-term effects of psychiatric pharmacotherapy on dyspeptic symptoms.

Main Methods:

Seventy-four patients with essential dyspepsia were screened for psychiatric disorders.
Fifty patients with a psychiatric disorder and no other pathology received pharmacotherapy.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria were used.

Main Results:

Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were the most common psychiatric diagnoses.
Psychiatric pharmacotherapy led to significant improvements in psychiatric and dyspepsia ratings for patients with major depressive disorder.
Improvement was observed in 16 patients (12 with depression, 4 with anxiety) over 6 weeks.

Conclusions:

Psychiatric diagnoses are associated with a significant proportion of essential dyspepsia cases.
Pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders can alleviate dyspeptic symptoms.
Psychiatric conditions are a likely contributing factor to essential dyspepsia.