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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets
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Tri-layered elastomeric scaffolds for engineering heart valve leaflets.

Nafiseh Masoumi1, Nasim Annabi2, Alexander Assmann3

  • 1Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, State College, PA 16802, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Biomaterials
|June 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered heart valves mimic native tissue mechanics for potential permanent replacements. These tri-layered scaffolds support cell growth and show promising function in an ex vivo model.

Keywords:
Anisotropic mechanical propertiesBiodegradable scaffoldElectrospinningHeart valve tissue engineeringMicrofabricated elastomer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Engineering

Background:

  • Current prosthetic heart valves are non-viable and fail to grow or remodel, posing challenges for pediatric patients.
  • Mimicking the structural and anisotropic mechanical properties of native heart valve leaflets is crucial for developing functional tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biomimetic tri-layered scaffold for tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs).
  • To create elastic scaffolds with tunable anisotropic mechanical properties resembling native heart valves.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of tri-layered scaffolds using electrospinning and microfabrication techniques.
  • Assembly of microfabricated poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and fibrous PGS/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun sheets.
  • Evaluation of scaffold biocompatibility, cell growth (valvular interstitial cells and mesenchymal stem cells), extracellular matrix deposition, and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • The engineered scaffolds successfully supported the growth and differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
  • MSCs aligned along the anisotropic axes of the scaffolds, indicating organized cellular infiltration.
  • The tri-layered constructs demonstrated proper opening and closing in an ex vivo model, mimicking native valve function.

Conclusions:

  • The developed tri-layered scaffolds possess tunable anisotropic mechanical properties suitable for TEHV applications.
  • These scaffolds show significant potential for successful clinical translation as permanent, regenerative heart valve replacements.