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Related Experiment Videos

Urinary incontinence in the bitch: an update.

I M Reichler1, M Hubler

  • 1Small Animal Reproduction, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene
|June 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Urinary incontinence (UI) in dogs, often due to urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) after spaying, requires careful diagnosis. Ruling out other causes and considering urine culture are key for successful treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Canine Urology

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition in veterinary practice, frequently linked to urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) post-spaying.
  • The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of USMI remain incompletely understood, though hormonal influences on bladder and urethral composition are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a diagnostic and therapeutic approach for canine urinary incontinence.
  • To emphasize the importance of ruling out concurrent abnormalities and selecting appropriate diagnostic tests.

Main Methods:

  • Initial assessment involves history, physical examination, urinalysis, and urine bacterial culture.
  • If USMI is suspected, diagnostic options and alpha-adrenergic drug therapy are discussed with owners, including potential side effects.

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  • Repeated diagnostic work-up, including urine culture via cystocentesis, is recommended if initial treatment fails or incontinence recurs.

    • Main Results:

    • A presumptive diagnosis is often achieved through basic tests, but further diagnostics may be necessary.
    • Alpha-adrenergic drugs are a common treatment for USMI, with generally low incidence of side effects.
    • Urine culture, particularly when collected by cystocentesis, is crucial for accurate diagnosis, as urinalysis results may not correlate well with culture findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Successful management of canine UI hinges on a systematic diagnostic process, differentiating USMI from other causes.
    • Therapeutic decisions should be guided by thorough evaluation, owner communication, and consideration of diagnostic test limitations.
    • Repeat diagnostic testing, especially urine culture, is essential for persistent or recurrent cases.