Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

7.3K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.3K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

4.7K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
4.7K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.6K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

1.5K
1.5K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

5.1K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
5.1K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

6.2K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PARP inhibition combined with a T-cell receptor β chain-directed antibody fusion molecule drives polyclonal antitumor immunity and tumor regression.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Novel biosurfactant-stabilized nanoemulsions integrating interfacial stabilization and antibacterial activity for safe surface disinfection.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry·2026
Same author

High-Throughput Glycan Array Screening Reveals Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a ligand for Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases Involved in Plant Immunity.

Molecular plant·2026
Same author

SYNTHESIS-Breast: A prospective early-phase trial of a genetic-interaction- focused computational algorithm in advanced metastatic breast cancer.

Research square·2026
Same author

A Modular Design of a Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Scaffolded Sub-Virion Nanoparticle Vaccine Against West Nile Virus.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Loss of Flotillin-2 enhances trastuzumab emtansine internalization and cytotoxicity by relieving negative regulation of HER2 internalization in HER2-amplified cancers.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
07:38

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

946

The MAPK pathway across different malignancies: a new perspective.

Mauricio Burotto1, Victoria L Chiou, Jung-Min Lee

  • 1Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cancer
|June 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated (MAPK/ERK) pathway plays a dual role in cancer, acting as both a tumor suppressor and promoter. Understanding its context-dependent activation is key to developing targeted therapies for various solid tumors.

Keywords:
colorectal cancerextracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)melanomamitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase (MEK)ovarian cancersignalingv-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF)

More Related Videos

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
06:51

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

Published on: July 21, 2018

18.9K
Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools
07:01

Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
07:38

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

946
Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
06:51

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

Published on: July 21, 2018

18.9K
Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools
07:01

Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Signaling Pathways

Background:

  • The MAPK/ERK pathway is a critical signaling node influenced by genomic events and crosstalk with other pathways like AKT/m-TOR.
  • This pathway's role in cancer is complex, potentially acting as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on signal intensity and tissue context.
  • Aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling and mutations in components like BRAF are frequently observed in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in oncogenesis.
  • To highlight the significance of understanding context-specific MAPK/ERK activation in different tumor types.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting the MAPK/ERK pathway and its components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MAPK/ERK signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of genomic profiling data revealing mutations in MAPK/ERK pathway components.
  • Examination of clinical data on targeted therapies for solid tumors.

Main Results:

  • The MAPK/ERK pathway's function (oncogenic or tumor-suppressive) is determined by signal intensity and cellular context.
  • Mutations in pathway components, such as BRAF, are common across various solid tumors.
  • Targeted therapies inhibiting MAPK/ERK components show variable response rates in different cancer types.

Conclusions:

  • Effective cancer therapy requires understanding the specific mechanisms of MAPK/ERK pathway activation in each tumor type.
  • Developing optimal single-agent and combination regimens necessitates knowledge of tumor-specific signaling and drug sensitivity.
  • Targeting the MAPK/ERK pathway holds promise but requires tailored approaches based on individual tumor biology.