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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

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The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the Loop of Henle01:17

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The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop has Na+–K+–2Cl− symporters in the apical membranes of its cells. These symporters simultaneously reclaim one sodium ion, one potassium ion, and two chloride ions from the tubular fluid. Sodium ions are actively transported into the interstitial fluid at the base and sides of the cell, diffusing into the vasa recta. Chloride ions move through leakage channels in the basolateral membrane into the interstitial fluid and then into the...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct01:26

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

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The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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Claudins and the kidney.

Alan S L Yu1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and the Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas ayu@kumc.edu.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|June 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claudins, proteins forming kidney tubule pores and barriers, are crucial for salt, water, calcium, and magnesium reabsorption. Genetic variations in claudins are linked to kidney diseases like hypomagnesemic hypercalciuria and kidney stones.

Keywords:
calciumcalcium-sensing receptorcell and transport physiologyepithelialrenal proximal tubule cellrenal tubular epithelial cellssodium transport

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Claudins are integral membrane proteins forming tight junctions in epithelial cells.
  • They regulate paracellular transport, acting as selective pores and barriers.
  • In the kidney, claudins are vital for the function of various nephron segments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the diverse roles of claudins in kidney physiology.
  • To highlight the involvement of claudins in regulating ion and water transport along the renal tubule.
  • To discuss the implications of claudin mutations and polymorphisms in kidney disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on claudin function in the kidney.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific claudins (e.g., CLDN16, CLDN19, CLDN14) in different nephron segments.
  • Examination of regulatory mechanisms involving hormones (e.g., aldosterone) and signaling proteins (e.g., WNKs).

Main Results:

  • Claudins control permeability and selectivity in proximal tubules (salt/water reabsorption) and thick ascending limbs (calcium/magnesium reabsorption).
  • In the distal nephron, claudins facilitate sodium reabsorption and potassium/acid secretion by forming cation barriers and chloride pores.
  • Mutations in CLDN16/CLDN19 cause familial hypomagnesemic hypercalciuria; CLDN14 polymorphisms are linked to kidney stone risk.

Conclusions:

  • Claudins are critical determinants of kidney tubule function and ion homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of claudin expression or function contributes to inherited and common kidney diseases.
  • Further research into claudins may uncover additional roles in kidney disease pathogenesis.