Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

713

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pediatric hematologic-oncologic disease: literature review and case

Mohammad Thaghi Arzanian1, Bibi Shahin Shamsian1, Parvaneh Karimzadeh2

  • 1Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
|June 21, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological complication in children with blood cancers. This review covers PRES in these patients, detailing a case of a boy with Evans syndrome experiencing seizures.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological condition characterized by specific MRI findings and neurological symptoms.
  • PRES is an infrequent but serious central nervous system (CNS) complication in pediatric hematologic-oncologic patients.
  • Neurological manifestations of PRES vary widely, from sensory disturbances to severe seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation of PRES in pediatric patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases.
  • To present a case study of a 7-year-old boy with Evans syndrome who developed PRES.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PRES in pediatric hematologic-oncologic populations.
  • Case report detailing clinical presentation, treatment, and MRI findings of a pediatric patient with PRES.

Main Results:

  • PRES is characterized by T2-weighted MRI hyperintensities, typically in the parietal-occipital lobes.
  • The presented case involved a 7-year-old boy with Evans syndrome on immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine, MMF, prednisone) who experienced seizures consistent with PRES.

Conclusions:

  • PRES requires prompt recognition and management in pediatric hematologic-oncologic patients.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy may be a contributing factor to PRES development in this vulnerable population.
Abstract

Keywords:
CyclosporineHematologic diseaseLeukemiaPosterior reversible encephalopaty syndrome(PRES)

More Related Videos

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies11:59

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

Published on: September 6, 2017

6.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.5K

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
33
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
11
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
401
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
14
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
548
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
955