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Sex Determination Using Inion-Opistocranium-Asterion (IOA) Triangle in Nigerians' Skulls.

C N Orish1, B C Didia1, H B Fawehinmi1

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Forensic anthropologists can determine sex using the inion-opistocranium-asterion (IOA) triangle. Measurements of the IOA triangle in Nigerian skulls showed significant sexual dimorphism, aiding in gender identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic anthropology
  • Human osteology
  • Biological anthropology

Background:

  • Sex determination is crucial for individual identification in forensic anthropology.
  • Sexual dimorphism in skeletal morphology is well-documented.
  • The inion-opistocranium-asterion (IOA) triangle is a potential metric for sex assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sexual dimorphism in the dimensions and area of the IOA triangle.
  • To assess the utility of IOA triangle anthropometry for gender determination in a Nigerian population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 100 adult dry skulls (78 male, 22 female) from Nigerian universities.
  • Measurements of the IOA triangle using an automatic digital caliper.
  • Statistical computation including coefficient of variation, correlation, linear regression, percentiles, and sexual dimorphism ratio.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (P < 0.05) in IOA triangle dimensions and area between males and females.
  • Male opistocranium-asterion lengths were greater than female lengths (e.g., left: 71.09 mm vs. 61.68 mm).
  • Mean IOA triangle area was larger in males (1938.88 mm²) compared to females (1305.68 mm²).

Conclusions:

  • The anthropometry of the inion-opistocranium-asterion (IOA) triangle exhibits significant sexual dimorphism.
  • IOA triangle measurements can serve as a valuable tool for gender determination in forensic investigations.
  • This study provides population-specific data for Nigerian individuals.