Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

4.6K
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
4.6K
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

1.1K
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
1.1K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

3.4K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
3.4K
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

4.7K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
4.7K
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

93
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
93
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

2.6K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

Tumor Microenvironmental Regulation of CAR T-Cell Therapy in High Risk Medulloblastoma.

Research square·2026
Same author

Structure-dependent incorporation of terpenes into amphiphilic Poly(2-oxazoline) micelles.

Biomedical microdevices·2026
Same author

Myeloid compartment reprogramming through nanoparticle-delivered resiquimod blocks paracrine growth support and activates phagocytosis to slow tumor progression in endogenous mouse medulloblastoma and diffuse midline glioma models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Retraction Note: Genetically modified macrophages accomplish targeted gene delivery to the inflamed brain in transgenic Parkin Q311X(A) mice: importance of administration routes.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

The Pathophysiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Focusing on Superoxide Dismutase 1 as a Therapeutic Target.

Biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.1K

Pluronics and MDR reversal: an update.

Daria Y Alakhova1, Alexander V Kabanov

  • 1Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, United States.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|June 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Amphiphilic block copolymers, like Pluronics, offer a promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer therapy by sensitizing cancer cells and preventing resistance. These polymers enhance drug efficacy and target cancer stem cells.

More Related Videos

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

12.9K
Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype
14:51

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype

Published on: June 17, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.1K
Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

12.9K
Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype
14:51

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype

Published on: June 17, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
  • Current clinical methods to bypass MDR have shown limited success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which amphiphilic block copolymers, specifically Pluronics (poloxamers), can overcome MDR in cancer therapy.
  • To summarize recent advances in understanding Pluronic effects on MDR cancer cells and drug efflux transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Pluronics and their effects on MDR cancer cells.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating Pluronic-mediated sensitization to chemotherapy drugs like Doxorubicin and paclitaxel.
  • Examination of Pluronic effects on plasma membranes, mitochondria, gene expression, and cancer stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Pluronics sensitize MDR cancer cells, increasing the cytotoxic activity of various drugs by 2-3 orders of magnitude.
  • Pluronics can prevent the development of MDR both in vitro and in vivo.
  • Pluronics demonstrate comprehensive effects on MDR cancer cells, including targeting cancer stem cells and inhibiting drug efflux transporters.

Conclusions:

  • Amphiphilic block copolymers, particularly Pluronics, represent a simple yet effective approach to overcome MDR in cancer.
  • Understanding Pluronic mechanisms is crucial for developing novel MDR-combating cancer therapies.
  • Other amphiphilic polymers also show potential in sensitizing MDR cancer cells.