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Related Experiment Video

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The complex interplay between semantics and grammar in impression formation.

Wyley B Shreves1, William Hart1, John M Adams1

  • 1University of Alabama, United States.

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Verb aspect influences how we form impressions, affecting gender bias. The perfective aspect (did) can reduce gender bias by focusing on stereotypes, while the imperfective aspect (was doing) can increase it.

Keywords:
Impression formationLanguageSocial cognitionVerbs

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Verb aspect (perfective vs. imperfective) influences cognitive processing.
  • Stereotype processing can lead to judgment correction.
  • Grammar and semantic information may interact in impression formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between grammatical verb aspect and gender in impression formation.
  • To examine how verb aspect affects the processing of gender stereotypes.
  • To determine the role of cognitive load in these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Participants read resumes attributed to male or female applicants for a masculine job.
  • Resumes were written using either the perfective or imperfective verb aspect.
  • Cognitive load was manipulated, and participants rated applicants and indicated their gender.

Main Results:

  • The imperfective aspect led to more positive ratings for male applicants compared to female applicants.
  • The perfective aspect reversed this pattern, with more positive ratings for female applicants.
  • Cognitive load influenced the gender effects only in the perfective condition.
  • Participants identified applicant gender faster in the perfective condition.

Conclusions:

  • Grammatical verb aspect significantly modulates impression formation and gender bias.
  • The perfective aspect may enhance focus on stereotypes, potentially leading to reduced gender bias.
  • Cognitive load moderates the impact of verb aspect on gender-based judgments.