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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
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Elevated CO2 decreases the Photorespiratory NH3 production but does not decrease the NH3 compensation point in rice

Shin-Ichi Miyazawa1, Kentaro Hayashi2, Hirofumi Nakamura3

  • 1Functional Plant Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan.

Plant & Cell Physiology
|June 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 does not decrease ammonia (NH3) emission potential in rice plants. This is despite reduced photorespiration and ammonia production at higher CO2 levels.

Keywords:
AmmoniaElevated CO2NH3 compensation pointNitrogen metabolismPhotorespiration

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Gaseous ammonia (NH3) exchange between plants and the atmosphere is crucial for the global NH3 cycle.
  • Photorespiration, driven by the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), produces NH3.
  • Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) are predicted to lower NH3 production by inhibiting RuBisCO oxygenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevated [CO2] on leaf NH3 exchange and the NH3 compensation point (γ) in rice plants.
  • To determine if reduced RuBisCO oxygenation under elevated [CO2] affects potential NH3 emission from rice.

Main Methods:

  • Measured net leaf NH3 uptake rate (FNH3) across varying atmospheric NH3 concentrations (na) at different [CO2] levels (190, 360, 750 µmol mol(-1)).
  • Utilized a custom-made whole-leaf chamber system for gas exchange analysis.
  • Determined the NH3 compensation point (γ) by plotting FNH3 against na and identifying the x-intercept.

Main Results:

  • Rice plants exhibited lower NH3 compensation point (γ) values compared to other species.
  • Elevated [CO2] did not decrease leaf NH3 compensation point (γ), despite reduced leaf NH4+ content and RuBisCO oxygenation (Vo).
  • Estimated NH3 compensation point (γ') from leaf apoplast solution also remained unaffected by elevated [CO2].

Conclusions:

  • Suppression of RuBisCO oxygenation by elevated [CO2] does not reduce the potential for leaf NH3 emission in rice.
  • Rice plants may have alternative mechanisms regulating NH3 flux that are not directly impacted by CO2-induced changes in photorespiration.