Incremental utility of iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging beyond established heart failure risk models

Nuclear myocardial imaging with iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-mIBG) is approved for risk stratification of patients with systolic heart failure (HF). Whether (123)I-mIBG imaging provides incremental prognostic utility beyond established risk models remains unclear.

In a multicenter study, 961 patients with moderate systolic HF underwent (123)I-mIBG imaging and were followed for cardiac death, progressive HF, or life-threatening arrhythmias over 2 years. We constructed 4 multivariable models, using variables from each of 4 published HF risk models, and patient-level scores were calculated both before and after adding the heart-to-mediastinum ratio (H/M) from (123)I-mIBG imaging. Incremental utility was evaluated by calculating integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), which quantifies the increase in probability of experiencing the primary end point after adding H/M to each model. The composite end point occurred in 25% of patients. After adding H/M, absolute IDI ranged from 2.1% to 3.0%, representing 33%-59% relative improvements in risk stratification. Of note, hazard ratios for H/M were remarkably similar between risk models (0.40-0.44 for predicting the composite end point, 0.10-0.18 for mortality; all P < .001).

Despite notable differences in predictor variables, patient populations, and analytic techniques from which each model was initially derived, adding (123)I-mIBG data to HF risk models consistently identified patients at lower risk of experiencing adverse events.