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Low-dose ethanol aggravates allergic dermatitis in mice.

Fumitoshi Sakazaki¹, Hirofumi Ogino², Tomohiro Arakawa²

¹Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)

|June 24, 2014

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This study shows that ethanol intake exacerbates allergic skin reactions in mice by increasing inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest alcohol consumption may worsen allergic conditions.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Toxicology

Background:

Alcohol consumption is known to impair immune function and may worsen allergic conditions like asthma.
Previous research suggests alcohol's impact on immune cells and allergic responses is complex and warrants further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of low-dose ethanol on enhancing allergic skin reactions in mice.
To determine the underlying immunological mechanisms, including cytokine expression, involved in ethanol-induced exacerbation of allergic responses.

Main Methods:

Mice (NC/Nga and BALB/c) were administered ethanol via diet or gavage.
Allergic skin reactions, including spontaneous dermatitis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA), were induced and evaluated.

Keywords:

Alcohol Allergy Dermatitis Ethanol

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Splenocytes were analyzed for mRNA expression of key cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18) using quantitative RT-PCR.

Histological examination of inflamed skin areas was performed.

Main Results:

Ethanol administration, both in diet and by gavage, significantly exacerbated spontaneous dermatitis and CHS in mice.
Ethanol also enhanced ACA responses.
While IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA levels remained unaffected, ethanol increased the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18.
Histological analysis showed mononuclear cell accumulation in the epidermis of ethanol-treated mice, without evidence of hepatic steatosis from gavage administration.

Conclusions:

Ethanol enhances allergic skin reactivity in mice, independent of T helper cell type 1/T helper cell type 2 (Th1/Th2) polarization.
The exacerbation of allergic responses is associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18.
These findings suggest that ethanol can directly impact skin immunity, leading to heightened allergic reactivity through mechanisms involving epidermal abnormalities and cytokine dysregulation.