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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...
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Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology.

Daniel Muñoz-Espín1, Manuel Serrano1

  • 1Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, E-28029, Spain.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|June 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cellular senescence, a process where cells stop dividing, is key to tissue repair and development. Therapies targeting senescence show promise for various conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cellular senescence is increasingly recognized for its role in tissue remodeling during development and after injury.
  • Senescent cells halt proliferation, recruit immune cells, and facilitate tissue renewal.
  • Failure in senescence clearance can lead to cell accumulation in aged or diseased tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of cellular senescence in tissue homeostasis and disease.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of modulating senescence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent discoveries and evidence regarding cellular senescence.
  • Analysis of pro-senescent and anti-senescent therapeutic strategies.

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Main Results:

  • Senescent cells are crucial for normal embryonic development and tissue repair.
  • Dysfunctional clearance of senescent cells contributes to aging and pathology.
  • Pro-senescent therapies can limit proliferation in cancer and fibrosis in repair.
  • Anti-senescent therapies can clear accumulated senescent cells and restore tissue function.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence is a dynamic process with significant implications for health and disease.
  • Targeting senescence offers a promising therapeutic avenue for age-related diseases and tissue repair.
  • Further research into senescence modulation is warranted for clinical applications.