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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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Published on: January 8, 2020
Reference value sensitivity of measures of unfair health inequality
Pilar García-Gómez1, Erik Schokkaert2, Tom Van Ourti1
1Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, and Tinbergen Institute.
Abstract:
Most politicians and ethical observers are not interested in pure health inequalities, as they want to distinguish between different causes of health differences. Measures of "unfair" inequality - direct unfairness and the fairness gap, but also the popular standardized concentration index - therefore neutralize the effects of what are considered to be "legitimate" causes of inequality. This neutralization is performed by putting a subset of the explanatory variables at reference values, e.g. their means. We analyze how the inequality ranking of different policies depends on the specific choice of reference values. We show with mortality data from the Netherlands that the problem is empirically relevant and we suggest a statistical method for fixing the reference values.
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