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Manganese influx and its utilization efficiency in wheat.

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    Wheat cultivars show varying manganese (Mn) efficiency, crucial for alkaline soils. Efficient varieties possess longer roots and higher nutrient uptake, leading to better grain yield, while inefficient ones struggle with Mn deficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Plant Physiology
    • Soil Science

    Background:

    • Manganese deficiency is a significant nutritional disorder in wheat, especially in alkaline calcareous soils common in rice-wheat cropping systems.
    • Understanding manganese efficiency mechanisms is vital for improving crop yields in deficient environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological and developmental mechanisms of manganese (Mn) efficiency in six wheat cultivars under varying Mn supply.
    • To identify key traits associated with Mn efficiency in wheat during different growth stages.

    Main Methods:

    • Six wheat cultivars were grown in pots with two manganese (Mn) levels (0 and 50 mg Mn kg⁻¹ soil).
    • Mn efficiency was assessed based on vegetative growth (shoot dry weight at anthesis) and generative phase traits (grain yield, Mn content).
    • Measurements included nutrient influx, uptake, root length, leaf area, SPAD index, and chlorophyll fluorescence (F(v)/F(m)).

    Main Results:

    • Bread wheat cultivars HD 2967 and PBW 550 were identified as Mn-efficient, while durum cultivars were inefficient.
    • Efficient cultivars exhibited greater root length, higher Mn influx and uptake, increased shoot dry weight, larger leaf area, higher SPAD index, and better F(v)/F(m) ratios.
    • Inefficient durum cultivars showed smaller roots and lower Mn influx. Mn distribution varied, with efficient genotypes allocating more Mn to grains at maturity.

    Conclusions:

    • Wheat Mn efficiency is a complex trait influenced by root morphology, nutrient uptake dynamics, and translocation efficiency during both vegetative and generative phases.
    • Longer roots, higher Mn influx, and efficient translocation to grains are key indicators of Mn efficiency in wheat cultivars.
    • Identifying and selecting Mn-efficient cultivars is crucial for sustainable agriculture in manganese-deficient soils.