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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
29
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

29
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

A TNBS-Induced Rodent Model to Study the Pathogenic Role of Mechanical Stress in Crohn's Disease
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Growth problems in children with IBD.

Ian R Sanderson1

  • 1Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|June 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric Crohn

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric gastroenterology and endocrinology.
  • Inflammatory bowel disease research.

Background:

  • Crohn's disease (CD) in children frequently causes linear growth retardation, impacting disease management.
  • Growth failure is less common in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • Approximately one-third of pediatric CD patients exhibit growth retardation at diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind growth retardation in pediatric Crohn's disease.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for growth failure in CD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of growth patterns in pediatric CD patients.
  • Review of the roles of inflammation, undernutrition, and immune dysfunction in growth.
  • Examination of the impact of cytokines and growth hormone insensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Growth retardation in pediatric CD is a disease consequence, not solely due to corticosteroid treatment.
  • Both inflammation and undernutrition contribute to reduced height velocity.
  • Cytokine production affects insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth plate chondrocytes.
  • Growth hormone insensitivity, linked to immune dysfunction, is a key mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation resolution is crucial for managing growth retardation in pediatric CD.
  • Growth hormone and IGF-1 therapies may benefit patients with refractory inflammation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for optimizing pediatric IBD care.