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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

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How does genome sequencing impact surgery?

Marlies S Reimers1, Charla C Engels1, Peter J K Kuppen1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands.

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
|June 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic biomarkers improve cancer diagnosis and treatment selection. Genetic information increasingly influences surgical decisions, though genomic profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, driving the need for improved diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • Precision medicine aims to optimize cancer treatment selection through personalized approaches.
  • Genomic aberrations are fundamental to tumor development and serve as promising biomarker candidates.

Approach:

  • This review examines the impact of genetic information, specifically single-gene mutations and genomic profiling, on surgical decision-making in cancer care.
  • It analyzes how genetic data influences risk assessment and treatment planning in multidisciplinary settings.
  • The discussion includes established impacts in breast, colorectal, and thyroid cancers, and explores the less-defined role of genomic profiling in surgery.

Key Points:

  • Single-gene mutations have demonstrably influenced surgical decisions in specific cancer types.
  • The direct impact of comprehensive genomic profiling on surgical management is still under investigation.
  • Genomic profiling offers both direct and indirect influences on surgical practice and patient care.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic data is pivotal for advancing precision medicine in oncology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate and integrate genomic profiling into surgical decision-making.
  • Addressing limitations and unresolved issues is crucial for a genotype-guided approach to cancer surgery.