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Shigella isolates from the global enteric multicenter study inform vaccine development.

Sofie Livio1, Nancy A Strockbine2, Sandra Panchalingam1

  • 1Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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PubMed
Summary

Shigella, a leading cause of diarrhea, necessitates vaccine development. A quadrivalent vaccine targeting common Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri serotypes offers broad protection against this global pathogen.

Keywords:
Shigellaserotypingshigellosisvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Shigella is a major global pathogen causing diarrheal disease, prompting vaccine development efforts.
  • The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) assessed the burden and causes of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children across Africa and Asia.
  • Shigella was identified as one of the four most prevalent pathogens in the GEMS study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Shigella serotypes identified in the GEMS study to inform vaccine development.
  • To determine the most prevalent Shigella serotypes responsible for diarrheal disease in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea and controls.
  • Shigella isolates were identified using selective agar plating, biochemical tests, and serological agglutination.
  • Isolates were confirmed and serotyped at a reference laboratory, with external quality control.

Main Results:

  • Shigella dysenteriae and S. boydii accounted for approximately 5% each of 1130 Shigella cases.
  • Shigella flexneri (65.9%) and S. sonnei (23.7%) were the predominant species.
  • Five S. flexneri serotypes/subserotypes (2a, 6, 3a, 2b, 1b) constituted 89.4% of S. flexneri isolates.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive Shigella vaccine should target S. sonnei and 15 S. flexneri serotypes/subserotypes.
  • A quadrivalent vaccine incorporating O antigens from S. sonnei, S. flexneri 2a, 3a, and 6 offers substantial direct and indirect protection.
  • This vaccine strategy provides broad coverage against the most common Shigella serotypes causing diarrheal disease.