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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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The platysma myocutaneous flap.

Dale A Baur1, Jonathan Williams1, Xena Alakaily2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 2124 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|June 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The platysma myocutaneous flap offers a reliable method for reconstructing lower facial defects in a single stage. Both superiorly and posteriorly based versions are versatile for oral and facial reconstruction.

Keywords:
Defects of oral cavityLocal flapPlatysma flapReconstruction

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Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Reconstruction of facial defects, particularly in the lower third of the face and oral mucosa, presents a significant surgical challenge.
  • Various reconstructive techniques exist, each with its own advantages and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present two variations of the platysma myocutaneous flap for reconstructing defects of the oral mucosa and lower face.
  • To highlight the reliability and versatility of these flap techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of two versions of the platysma myocutaneous flap: superiorly based and posteriorly based.
  • Discussion of their application in one-stage reconstruction of oral and facial defects.

Main Results:

  • The platysma myocutaneous flap is presented as a reliable, axial pattern, pedicled flap.
  • Both superiorly and posteriorly based flap versions demonstrate wide applicability in the oral and facial region.

Conclusions:

  • The platysma myocutaneous flap is an effective option for single-stage reconstruction of lower facial and oral mucosal defects.
  • The flap's versatility extends to other applications within head and neck surgery.