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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
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Impact of prehypertension on left ventricular structure, function and geometry
Jugal Kishore Bajpai1, Sahay A P2, Agarwal A K3
1Post Graduate-III, Department of Physiology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India .
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|June 25, 2014
Summary
Prehypertension significantly alters left ventricular structure and function, even before developing hypertension. Early echocardiography screening in individuals over 40 is recommended for preventive cardiovascular care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hypertension Research
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Prevalence, determinants, and prognosis of asymptomatic prehypertension remain understudied in India.
- This study investigates the impact of prehypertension on left ventricular (LV) structure and function.
- Utilizes echocardiography, assessing LV mass (LVM), LV mass indexed to height (LVMI/Ht), and relative wall thickness (RWT).
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effects of prehypertension on the structure, function, and geometry of the left ventricle.
- To establish baseline echocardiographic parameters in prehypertensive individuals.
- To identify potential early markers of cardiovascular risk in prehypertension.
Main Methods:
- Echocardiographic assessment of 61 prehypertensives (31M, 30F) and 38 normotensives (19M, 19F) aged 25-65.
- Analysis included measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, and LV geometry.
- Comparison between prehypertensive and normotensive groups, stratified by sex.
Main Results:
- Prehypertensive females showed significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end systolic stress (ESS), and end isovolumetric systolic stress (EISS).
- Left ventricular mass (LVM) was significantly elevated in prehypertensives (p<0.05), indicating cardiac morphological changes.
- Prehypertensive males exhibited significant increases in SBP, DBP, HR, PP, MAP, ESS, and EISS, with normal ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional fibre shortening (FS%). LV geometry changes included concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest prognostic implications of prehypertension on cardiac structure and function.
- Early diagnosis and preventive measures are crucial to reduce future cardiovascular complications.
- Routine echocardiography screening after age 40 is advisable for prehypertensive individuals to manage afterload and improve LV function.
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