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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
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Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Serious tick-borne infections - considering the strengths and weaknesses of currently used laboratory diagnostic methods.

Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne·2026
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Blastocystis in the human gastrointestinal tract - commensal or "silent" pathogen?

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[Human alveolar echinococcosis and an overview of the occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the Czech Republic].

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[Cat scratch disease - a neglected zoonosis].

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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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[Cat scratch disease: still current zoonosis].

L Hozáková1, L Rožnovský, H Bílková Fránková

  • 1Clinic of Infectious Medicine, University Hospital in Ostrava, Czech Republic,

Klinicka Mikrobiologie a Infekcni Lekarstvi
|June 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cat scratch disease (CSD) diagnosis and treatment were evaluated in 27 patients. Antibiotic therapy was effective in most cases, though some required surgery for complications.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infection caused by Bartonella henselae.
  • CSD often presents with lymphadenopathy and can have varied clinical manifestations.
  • Differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy is crucial for accurate CSD identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate the clinical presentation, serological diagnosis, treatment, and familial occurrence of Cat scratch disease.
  • To analyze the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic outcomes in a cohort of CSD patients.
  • To identify atypical presentations and complications of CSD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 27 patients diagnosed with CSD between 2004 and 2013.
  • Serological diagnosis using indirect immunofluorescence for Bartonella henselae antibodies (IgG ≥ 1:256 or any IgM positive).

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  • Histological examination for granulomatous inflammation; treatment with macrolides and doxycycline.

    • Main Results:

    • CSD diagnosed in patients aged 7-73 years, with cervical, inguinal, and axillary lymphadenopathy being most common.
    • Atypical presentations included supraclavicular lymph node swelling, scapular swelling with skin lesions, and encephalopathy in one patient.
    • Antibiotic therapy was successful in 24 patients; 3 required surgical intervention for lymph node colliquation. Familial occurrence was noted in two instances.

    Conclusions:

    • CSD can present with atypical lymph node localization and neurological complications like encephalopathy.
    • Serological diagnosis, particularly IgM detection, may be delayed or negative in some CSD cases.
    • While antibiotic therapy is generally effective, surgical intervention may be necessary for complications such as lymph node colliquation.