Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

81
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
81
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

157
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
157
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

93
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
93
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

189
The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
189
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

337
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...
337
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

137
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
137

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unravelling ring chromosome structures and formation mechanisms by short-read and long-read genomic sequencing.

Genetics in medicine open·2026
Same author

Β-Resorcylaldehyde attenuates DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Perioperative hyperchloremia is associated with acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective observational study.

World journal of urology·2026
Same author

Rethinking intraoperative blood loss monitoring: a decision-oriented framework for clinically integrated assessment.

International journal of burns and trauma·2026
Same author

A review of recent advances in generative artificial intelligence models for biomolecular sciences.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Mechanism of benzophenone-3 in promoting proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells via the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 axis.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.9K

Common PTP4A1-PHF3-EYS variants are specific for alcohol dependence.

Lingjun Zuo1, Kesheng Wang, Guilin Wang

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

The American Journal on Addictions
|June 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in the PTP4A1-PHF3-EYS region are strongly linked to alcohol dependence. These findings were replicated across diverse populations and specific to alcohol use disorder.

More Related Videos

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
07:28

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

9.9K
An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans
10:35

An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: April 9, 2015

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.9K
An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
07:28

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

9.9K
An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans
10:35

An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: April 9, 2015

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a risk genomic region (PTP4A1-PHF3-EYS) for alcohol dependence.
  • A rare variant constellation within this region was previously associated with alcohol dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To increase marker density within the PTP4A1-PHF3-EYS region.
  • To examine the specificity of common variant associations for alcohol dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Association analysis was conducted on discovery and replication samples (African-American and European-American).
  • European-Australian family subjects were also analyzed.
  • Contrast groups included 38,714 subjects from 18 cohorts with 10 different neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • 289 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were nominally associated with alcohol dependence in the discovery sample.
  • 56 associations remained significant after correction (1.9 × 10(-6) ≤ p ≤ 1.6 × 10(-5)).
  • No markers showed significant association with other neuropsychiatric disorders after experiment-wide correction.

Conclusions:

  • PTP4A1-PHF3-EYS variants are significantly associated with alcohol dependence.
  • These associations were replicable across multiple independent populations.
  • The findings suggest this region may contain causal variants specific to alcohol dependence.