Towards effective non-invasive brain-computer interfaces dedicated to gait rehabilitation systems

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rehabilitation Engineering
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Significant advancements in walk rehabilitation include interpreting motor cortex signals for gait prediction and epidural stimulation for motor control restoration.
• Current experimental trials for spinal cord injury rehabilitation are not universally applicable, necessitating simpler systems.
• Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a promising avenue for developing more accessible motor rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize the progress in developing non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for motor rehabilitation systems.
• To present the main principles of human locomotion control and supra-spinal centers active during gait.
• To discuss current BCI applications in gait rehabilitation, identify future challenges, and propose solutions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on human locomotion control and supra-spinal centers.
• Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional brain imaging technologies (near-infrared spectroscopy, fMRI, PET, SPECT).
• Examination of invasive studies and current brain-computer interface (BCI) applications in gait rehabilitation.

Main Results:

• Understanding of supra-spinal mechanisms during gait has been enhanced through various neuroimaging techniques.
• Initial BCI applications demonstrate potential for gait rehabilitation, with diverse strategies being explored.
• Key challenges for future BCI systems in gait rehabilitation have been identified.

Conclusions:

• Non-invasive BCIs represent a critical area for developing more accessible and effective motor rehabilitation systems.
• Addressing identified challenges is crucial for improving BCI technology and its application in restoring gait.
• Further research and development are needed to translate BCI advancements into practical solutions for patients with motor impairments.