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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Isolated left bundle branch block in a toddler.

Hitesh Agrawal1, Frank Zimmerman2, Zahra Naheed3

  • 1Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1900 W. Polk Street, Room 1134, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Case Reports in Cardiology
|June 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB) is typically seen in adults with heart conditions. This report details a rare case of LBBB in a healthy 2-year-old child, observed over three years.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is commonly associated with adult heart diseases like hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, and aortic valvular disease.
  • It can also be a postoperative complication following surgical correction of congenital heart disease.
  • Isolated LBBB in otherwise healthy individuals is known in adults but has not been previously reported in the pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the incidental finding and persistent nature of isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB) in a pediatric patient.
  • To highlight the potential for LBBB in healthy children, challenging previous understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 2-year-old African American female.
  • Incidental electrocardiographic (ECG) finding of isolated LBBB.
  • Follow-up assessment over a 3-year period.

Main Results:

  • A 2-year-old healthy female was incidentally found to have isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB).
  • The LBBB persisted throughout a 3-year follow-up period.
  • This represents the first reported case of isolated LBBB in a pediatric patient.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB) can occur in healthy children.
  • This case expands the known spectrum of LBBB presentation.
  • Further investigation may be warranted to understand the long-term implications of LBBB in pediatric populations.