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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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Dementia with Lewy bodies.

Mary Catherine Mayo1, Yvette Bordelon2

  • 1Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.

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Summary

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common dementia, characterized by Lewy bodies, attention fluctuations, hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Early diagnosis and symptom management are key for patients with DLB.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent dementia diagnosis, following Alzheimer's disease.
  • Its hallmark pathology involves Lewy bodies, which are α-synuclein-containing neuronal inclusions in the brainstem and neocortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key pathological and clinical features of Dementia with Lewy bodies.
  • To differentiate DLB from Parkinson disease dementia based on disease progression.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies and prognosis for DLB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathological hallmarks (Lewy bodies, α-synuclein).
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations including cognitive, psychiatric, and motor symptoms.
  • Comparison of diagnostic criteria and time course with Parkinson disease dementia.
  • Evaluation of treatment responses and survival rates.

Main Results:

  • DLB presents with early fluctuations, hallucinations, and parkinsonism, progressing to combined cortical and subcortical dementia.
  • Distinguishing DLB from Parkinson disease dementia requires a one-year cognitive-to-motor symptom onset ratio.
  • DLB patients exhibit significant impairments in verbal fluency, executive function, and visuospatial abilities.
  • Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and neuroleptic sensitivity are characteristic features.

Conclusions:

  • Dementia with Lewy bodies requires specific diagnostic considerations due to its unique clinical and pathological profile.
  • Symptomatic treatment using cholinesterase inhibitors and dopaminergic agents can manage cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms.
  • Survival in DLB is comparable to Alzheimer's disease from symptom onset, although diagnosis may be delayed.