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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

6.6K
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Pediatric parafalcine empyemas.

Franziska Niklewski1, Athanasios K Petridis2, Jasmin Al Hourani2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Teaching Hospital of University Duisburg - Essen, Duisburg, Germany Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital of University Duisburg - Essen, Duisburg, Germany franzi.niklewski@googlemail.com.

Journal of Surgical Case Reports
|June 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric parafalcine abscesses, a rare complication of bacterial sinusitis, often require repeat surgical intervention. Close imaging follow-up is crucial for effective management of these complex brain infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Bacterial sinusitis can lead to rare but serious complications like subdural intracranial empyemas and brain abscesses.
  • Pediatric parafalcine abscesses present unique management challenges compared to other brain abscess locations.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of parafalcine abscesses secondary to sinusitis are presented.
  • Both cases experienced recurrent empyema after initial surgical treatment and antibiotics, necessitating a second surgical evacuation.

Findings:

  • Surgical evacuation of pus is the primary treatment for parafalcine abscesses, especially when remnants are visualized.
  • A 3-month antibiotic course was administered in both cases.
  • Short-term follow-up imaging is essential, regardless of clinical or blood infection markers.

Implications:

  • Recurrence is possible, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring post-treatment.
  • Parafalcine abscesses may benefit from a 'second look' surgical approach.
  • Effective management requires a combination of surgical intervention and prolonged antibiotic therapy.