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Prophylactic mastectomy: who needs it, when and why.

Erin E Burke¹, Pamela R Portschy, Todd M Tuttle

¹Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Journal of Surgical Oncology

|June 27, 2014

Summary

Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) are performed on high-risk women or those with unilateral breast cancer to prevent future breast cancer. This review examines the reasons, results, and patterns of these preventative surgeries.

Keywords:

breast cancer mastectomy risk reduction

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Preventative Medicine

Background:

Prophylactic mastectomy is a surgical intervention aimed at reducing breast cancer risk.
It is performed in two main scenarios: bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) for high-risk women and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for women with existing unilateral breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the indications for BPM and CPM.
To analyze the outcomes associated with prophylactic mastectomy procedures.
To examine current trends in the utilization of BPM and CPM.

Main Methods:

This article presents a review of existing literature and clinical data.
It synthesizes information on patient selection, surgical techniques, and outcomes.
Trends are analyzed based on epidemiological data and clinical practice patterns.

Main Results:

Indications for BPM include genetic predispositions and strong family histories of breast cancer.
CPM is chosen by women with unilateral breast cancer to mitigate the risk of developing cancer in the opposite breast.
Outcomes generally show a significant reduction in breast cancer incidence in the operated breasts, though surveillance is still necessary.

Conclusions:

BPM and CPM are established strategies for breast cancer risk reduction in select populations.
The decision to undergo prophylactic mastectomy should be individualized based on risk assessment, patient preference, and potential outcomes.
Continued research and data collection are essential to refine indications and optimize outcomes for prophylactic mastectomy.