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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder

Published on: June 6, 2025

Lasers in orthodontics.

Ruhi Nalcaci¹, Serpil Cokakoglu¹

¹Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye.

European Journal of Dentistry

|June 27, 2014

Summary

Dental lasers offer efficient soft and hard tissue applications in orthodontics, but require knowledge of characteristics and safety precautions. High cost is a disadvantage, necessitating careful use to prevent tissue damage.

Area of Science:

Dental science
Biomedical engineering
Laser technology

Background:

Various dental laser systems are available for orthodontic applications.
Understanding laser properties like power, wavelength, and timing is crucial for effective tissue interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review laser types and characteristics used in dentistry.
To discuss laser applications, adverse effects, and safety protocols in orthodontics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of dental laser systems.
Analysis of laser characteristics relevant to orthodontic procedures.

Main Results:

Dental lasers provide efficient, non-invasive, and quick treatment options, often minimizing bleeding and pain.

Keywords:

Dentistry laser orthodontics

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Key laser characteristics (power, wavelength, timing) are essential for targeted tissue effects.

High cost remains a significant drawback of laser therapy.

Conclusions:

Laser systems are valuable tools in orthodontics, offering numerous benefits.
Strict adherence to safety precautions is imperative to avoid potential tissue damage.
Further research may focus on cost-effectiveness and expanding applications.