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Radiographic contrast-media-induced acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and prophylactic strategies

Umar Sadat1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Cambridge Vascular Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Box 201, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.

ISRN Radiology
|June 27, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains a significant concern in cardiovascular medicine. This review details CI-AKI pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, and nephroprotective strategies against contrast media.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a frequent complication following contrast-media-enhanced imaging.
  • Increasing use of contrast media and an aging population with comorbidities contribute to high CI-AKI incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and preventive measures for CI-AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pathophysiology, contrast media types, biomarkers, and prophylactic strategies for CI-AKI.
  • Detailed discussion of existing research and clinical evidence.

Main Results:

  • CI-AKI pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms influenced by contrast media properties.
  • Serum and urinary biomarkers show potential for early CI-AKI diagnosis.
  • Various prophylactic strategies exist, but their efficacy requires careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CI-AKI pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
  • Biomarker research is vital for timely CI-AKI diagnosis and management.
  • Nephroprotection against CI-AKI necessitates a multi-faceted approach considering patient factors and contrast media selection.

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