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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Early intra-articular complement activation in ankle fractures.

Hagen Schmal1, Gian M Salzmann1, Philipp Niemeyer1

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Ankle fracture joint fluid analysis reveals elevated aggrecan and complement components, indicating significant complement activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in acute ankle fractures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long-term outcomes of ankle fractures may be influenced by cytokine regulation.
  • Synovial biochemistry in ankle fractures remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synovial fluid biochemistry following acute ankle fractures.
  • To compare biochemical markers in ankle fractures versus osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case series of eight ankle fracture patients undergoing external fixation.
  • Synovial fluid analysis using ELISA for aggrecan, bFGF, IL-1β, IGF-1, and complement components (C3a, C5a, C5b-9).
  • Comparison with matched patients with ankle OCD.

Main Results:

  • Synovial aggrecan and C5b-9 levels correlated with time from fracture to effusion collection.
  • Elevated levels of bFGF, IGF-1, and complement components in fracture patients compared to OCD patients.
  • IL-1β correlated with C5a and C-reactive protein; neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio shifted over time.

Conclusions:

  • Acute ankle fractures are characterized by complement activation and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • Synovial fluid analysis provides insights into the biological response to ankle fractures.
  • Specific biochemical markers may help understand fracture healing and long-term prognosis.