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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Kate D Williamson1, Roger W Chapman

  • 1Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease causing bile duct inflammation and fibrosis. While no cure exists, treatments like ursodeoxycholic acid may slow progression, and liver transplantation is an option for advanced cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease characterized by diffuse inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary tree.
  • It is a progressive disorder associated with significant morbidity, including biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatic failure.
  • PSC exhibits male predominance and is strongly linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC).
  • To highlight the association between PSC and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment options for PSC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological, genetic, and clinical data.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods including cholangiography and biochemical tests.

Main Results:

  • PSC is a complex genetic disorder with environmental factors like non-smoking playing a role.
  • PSC-IBD may represent a distinct entity from IBD alone.
  • Diagnosis is typically made via cholangiography, with symptomatic patients having a median survival of approximately 12 years.
  • PSC is a premalignant condition, with malignancy (cholangiocarcinoma, colon cancer) being a leading cause of death.

Conclusions:

  • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a serious liver condition with no definitive cure.
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid may offer some benefit in slowing disease progression, but lacks statistical significance in trials.
  • Liver transplantation remains the only curative option for PSC patients with advanced liver disease.