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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Sex differences in microRNA expression during development in rat cortex.

Stephanie J Murphy1, Theresa A Lusardi2, Jay I Phillips1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Neurochemistry International
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences in brain ischemia susceptibility may stem from developmental microRNA (miRNA) expression changes. These miRNA alterations influence adult brain phenotypes, impacting responses to neurological diseases like stroke.

Keywords:
CortexDevelopmentDisease outcomeMicroRNARatSex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Significant sex differences exist in the risk and outcomes of various diseases, including stroke.
  • Males exhibit greater brain damage than females following cerebral ischemia, a difference potentially linked to innate sex-specific gene regulation.
  • Previous research identified sex-specific microRNA (miRNA) expression in adult mouse brains post-ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of differential miRNA expression during development in male and female rat cortices.
  • To determine if developmental miRNA changes contribute to sex differences in susceptibility to cerebral ischemia in adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Expression analysis of miRNAs in male and female rat cortices at postnatal day 0, 7, and in adulthood.
  • Utilized TaqMan Low Density miRNA arrays and NanoString nCounter analysis for comprehensive miRNA profiling.
  • Validated specific miRNA expression (miR-200 family) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Identified differential miRNA levels between male and female rat cortices at all developmental stages examined.
  • Observed distinct expression patterns for the miR-200 family: higher in females at P0, shifting to higher levels in males at P7 and adulthood.
  • Prediction analysis indicated that genes in the Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathway are primary targets of miR-200 miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental changes in miRNA expression contribute to sexually dimorphic phenotypes in the adult brain.
  • These miRNA alterations may underlie the observed sex differences in responses to neurological diseases, such as cerebral ischemia.
  • The miR-200 family's differential expression and targeting of the GnRH receptor pathway highlight a potential mechanism for sex-specific disease susceptibility.