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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Swallowing Mechanics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The tongue-hold maneuver is a clinical technique to aid swallowing in dysphagia patients.
  • Its effect on pharyngeal muscle activity and pressure is not fully understood.
  • Electromyography (EMG) and manometry are crucial for detailed analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of the tongue-hold maneuver on tongue and pharyngeal muscle activity and pressure.
  • To test the hypothesis that the maneuver increases muscle activity but not pharyngeal pressure.
  • To explore the coordination between tongue and pharynx during swallowing.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy young adults participated.
  • Simultaneous intramuscular electromyography (EMG) and high-resolution manometry were used.
  • Three conditions were tested: normal swallow, tongue-tip-to-lip swallow, and tongue-hold swallow.

Main Results:

  • Pre-swallow muscle activity (tongue, pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus) increased.
  • During swallowing, tongue and pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity magnitude and duration increased.
  • Pharyngeal pressures and durations remained unchanged during the maneuver.

Conclusions:

  • The tongue-hold maneuver enhances superior pharyngeal constrictor activity.
  • This increased activity may stabilize pharyngeal pressures despite reduced posterior tongue movement.
  • Combined EMG and manometry are vital for assessing the tongue-hold maneuver's clinical utility in dysphagia.