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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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C. difficile ribotype 027 or 176?

Marcela Krutova1, Jana Matejkova, Otakar Nyc

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic, marcela.krutova@seznam.cz.

Folia Microbiologica
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Clostridium difficile ribotype 176 is a significant cause of C. difficile infection (CDI) in the Czech Republic. The Xpert C. difficile Epi assay may misidentify ribotype 176 as ribotype 027, necessitating further molecular analysis for accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • An increase in C. difficile infection (CDI) incidence has been observed in the Czech Republic.
  • Clostridium difficile ribotype 176 is a prevalent strain identified in recent surveys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of Clostridium difficile ribotype 176 in Czech hospitals.
  • To evaluate the performance of the Xpert C. difficile Epi assay in identifying C. difficile strains.
  • To determine if C. difficile ribotype 176 can be misidentified as ribotype 027 by molecular assays.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 624 C. difficile isolates from 11 Czech hospitals.
  • Utilized the Xpert C. difficile Epi assay for preliminary strain identification.
  • Performed ribotyping via capillary electrophoresis for definitive strain characterization.
  • Examined 120 ribotype 176 strains for specific toxin genes (tcdB, cdtB) and tcdC gene deletions.

Main Results:

  • 40% of C. difficile isolates belonged to ribotype 176.
  • The Xpert C. difficile Epi assay identified 29 strains as presumed ribotype 027, which were confirmed as ribotype 176 by ribotyping.
  • C. difficile ribotype 176 shares target sequences with ribotype 027, leading to potential misidentification by the Xpert assay.

Conclusions:

  • Clostridium difficile ribotype 176 is a significant contributor to CDI in the Czech Republic.
  • The Xpert C. difficile Epi assay may misclassify ribotype 176 as ribotype 027.
  • Accurate differentiation between ribotypes 027 and 176 using methods like capillary electrophoresis is crucial for effective epidemiological surveillance and control.