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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with MicroRNA Regulation.

Yu Jin1, Caroline G L Lee2

  • 1NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore. g0901870@nus.edu.sg.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations called polymorphisms in microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets significantly impact gene regulation. These findings highlight functional polymorphisms for future research into miRNA regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulation.
  • Polymorphisms affecting miRNA regulation have been extensively studied.
  • Genome-wide analyses are increasingly used to investigate these polymorphisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings on human polymorphisms impacting miRNA regulation.
  • To examine polymorphism architecture, functional consequences, and expression associations.
  • To discuss available databases for polymorphic miRNA regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics approaches for genome-wide analysis.
  • Statistical methods to analyze polymorphism data.
  • Literature review of independent studies on miRNA polymorphisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified signatures of natural selection on miRNA genes and targets.
  • Cataloged potentially functional, expression-associated, and positively selected polymorphisms.
  • Highlighted the utility and features of developed databases for miRNA regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Previous studies have identified significant polymorphisms in miRNA regulation.
  • Functional and expression-associated polymorphisms offer avenues for further investigation.
  • Gaps remain in understanding polymorphic miRNA regulation, necessitating future research.