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Published on: October 5, 2015
Tobacco smoking: a major risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis--evidence from a cross-sectional study in central
1Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (Indian Council of Medical Research), Nagpur Road, P.O. Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India drvgrao@rediffmail.com.
Background:
This paper provides information on the association of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with pulmonary TB (PTB) in central India.
Methods:
A community based cross-sectional TB prevalence survey was conducted in Jabalpur district of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The information on tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption was collected from individuals aged ≥15 years. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for PTB were identified.
Results:
A total of 94 559 individuals provided information on tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Persons aged 35-54 years and 55 years and above had, respectively, a 2.19 (95% CI 1.57-3.07) and a 3.26 (95% CI 2.23-4.77) times higher risk of developing PTB compared to persons aged below 35 years. Males had a 2.35 (95% CI 1.66-3.32) times higher risk than females. Tribals (indigenous population) had a 2.32 (95% CI 1.68-3.21) times higher risk than non-tribal population. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio for mild, moderate and heavy tobacco smokers were 2.28, 2.51 and 2.74 respectively as compared to non-smokers. Alcohol consumption was not found to be a risk factor on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion:
Tobacco smoking is significantly associated with PTB in this central Indian district. Smoking cessation services need to be integrated into the activities of the TB control programme.
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