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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
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Quantifying construction and demolition waste: an analytical review.

Zezhou Wu1, Ann T W Yu1, Liyin Shen2

  • 1Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

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Summary

Accurate quantification of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is key for effective waste management. This review systematically analyzes existing C&D waste quantification methods, offering guidance for selecting the best approach.

Keywords:
Construction and demolition wasteQuantification methodologyReview

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Effective waste management relies on accurate quantification of construction and demolition (C&D) waste.
  • Existing literature presents various C&D waste quantification methods but lacks a comprehensive, integrated review.
  • A systematic analysis of current methodologies is needed to address this research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an analytical review of existing C&D waste quantification methodologies.
  • To classify and critically compare identified methods based on their characteristics and constraints.
  • To propose a decision tree to assist in selecting appropriate quantification methods for different scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed, retrieving 57 relevant papers.
  • Papers were analyzed and classified based on waste generation activity, estimation level, and quantification methodology.
  • Six distinct categories of C&D waste quantification methods were identified and compared.

Main Results:

  • Six categories of C&D waste quantification methodologies were identified: site visit, waste generation rate, lifetime analysis, classification system accumulation, variables modeling, and other specific methods.
  • A critical comparison highlights the characteristics and implementation constraints of each identified method.
  • A decision tree was developed to aid in selecting the most suitable quantification method.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of C&D waste quantification methods.
  • Limitations of previous research are identified, paving the way for future studies.
  • Recommendations for future research directions in C&D waste quantification are suggested.