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Published on: November 22, 2019
Questions for Surveys: Current Trends and Future Directions
Nora Cate Schaeffer1, Jennifer Dykema1
1N ORA C ATE S CHAEFFER is the Sewell Bascom Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Faculty Director of the University of Wisconsin Survey Center, Madison, WI, USA. J ENNIFER D YKEMA is an Associate Research Scientist and Survey Methodologist at the University of Wisconsin Survey Center, Madison, WI, USA. We wish to thank Barbara Forsyth, Eleanor Singer, Roger Tourangeau, Gordon Willis, and the POQ editors for various helpful contributions and comments, and Jeremy Beach for research assistance. The research reported here was supported in part by the Wisconsin Center for Demography and Ecology (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Center Grant [R24 HD047873 to James R. Walker]); by the Wisconsin Center for Demography of Health and Aging (National Institute on Aging Center Grant [P30 AG017266 to Robert M. Hauser]); and by the University of Wisconsin Survey Center (UWSC), which receives support from the College of Letters and Science.
This review identifies key trends in survey question research, emphasizing future directions. A proposed decision-oriented framework offers a systematic approach to understanding question characteristics for improved study design.
Area of Science:
- Survey methodology
- Public opinion research
Background:
- Analysis of measurement and survey question research in Public Opinion Quarterly over the past decade.
- Identification of enduring and emerging themes in survey research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review past research on survey questions and identify future research priorities.
- To propose a decision-oriented framework for analyzing survey question characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Public Opinion Quarterly articles from the past decade.
- Thematic analysis of research trends.
- Development of a conceptual framework for survey question characteristics.
Main Results:
- Key themes include total survey error, cognitive vs. interactional approaches, interviewing, mode/technology, visual design, and culture.
- A systematic framework is proposed to categorize question characteristics.
Conclusions:
- A structured approach to understanding survey question characteristics is needed.
- This framework can guide future research and improve study design by considering interrelationships between characteristics.
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