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Deep brain stimulation macroelectrodes compared to multiple microelectrodes in rat hippocampus.

Sharanya Arcot Desai1, Claire-Anne Gutekunst2, Steve M Potter1

  • 1Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA ; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroengineering
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microelectrodes offer a more targeted approach to deep brain stimulation (DBS) compared to macroelectrodes. Enhancing microelectrode surface area increases neuronal activation volume, potentially improving DBS therapeutic effectiveness.

Keywords:
deep brain stimulationelectroplatinghippocampusimmediate early gene (IEG)macroelectrodesmultielectrode array (MEA)neuronal activation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of DBS, including neuronal activation patterns, is crucial for optimizing treatment.
  • Traditional macroelectrodes have limitations in targeting specific neural populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neuronal activation volumes between microelectrodes and macroelectrodes for DBS.
  • To investigate the impact of electrode surface area and impedance on neuronal activation.
  • To explore the potential of modified microelectrodes for enhanced DBS efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized c-fos immunohistochemistry in a rat hippocampus model.
  • Stimulated neural tissue using both multi-microelectrodes and traditional macroelectrodes.
  • Employed ultrasonic electroplating (sonicoplating) with platinum to modify microelectrode surface area and impedance.

Main Results:

  • Microelectrodes (33 μm) showed a 100 μm radius of activation, 50% less than macroelectrodes (150 μm).
  • Macroelectrodes activated 5.8 times more neurons but displaced ~20 times more tissue than single microelectrodes.
  • Sonicoplated microelectrodes exhibited a 50 μm increase in activation radius and doubled neuronal activation compared to unplated counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Microelectrode arrays offer a more spatially precise method for DBS compared to macroelectrodes.
  • Increasing microelectrode surface area and reducing impedance significantly enhances neuronal activation.
  • A novel approach using multiple high-surface area microelectrodes may lead to more effective DBS therapies.