Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

24.6K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
24.6K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

6.9K
6.9K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.5K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.5K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

11.1K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Roles of exosomes and exosome-derived miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2022
Same author

Metal-polyphenol cross-linked titanium carbide membranes with stable interlayer spacing for efficient wastewater treatment.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2022
Same author

A new surgical approach for a child with acute torsion of the wandering spleen: A case report.

Asian journal of surgery·2022
Same author

Blood protein biomarkers in lung cancer.

Cancer letters·2022
Same author

Metformin attenuates osteoarthritis by targeting chondrocytes, synovial macrophages and adipocytes.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2022
Same author

PLK1 promotes cholesterol efflux and alleviates atherosclerosis by up-regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via the AMPK/PPARγ/LXRα pathway.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

2.5K

SUMO-2 promotes mRNA translation by enhancing interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G.

Li-zhao Chen1, Xiang-yun Li2, Hong Huang3

  • 1First department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Plos One
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Small ubiquitin-like modifier-2 (SUMO-2) conjugation regulates mRNA translation by promoting eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex formation. This process is crucial for cell proliferation and apoptosis, impacting protein synthesis.

More Related Videos

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

10.3K
Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

2.5K
Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

10.3K
Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are key regulators of eukaryotic cellular processes via covalent conjugation.
  • SUMOylation impacts protein localization, nuclear structure, and transcriptional activity.
  • The specific role of SUMO-2 in mRNA translation remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SUMO-2 in mRNA translation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which SUMO-2 influences protein synthesis.
  • To determine the impact of SUMO-2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • SUMO-2 overexpression and knockdown (using shRNA).
  • Analysis of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex formation.
  • Assessment of cap-dependent protein translation, including cyclinD1 and c-myc.
  • Evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis rates.
  • Utilizing the small molecule inhibitor 4EGI-1.

Main Results:

  • SUMO-2 promotes eIF4F complex formation by enhancing the interaction between Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) and Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G (eIF4G).
  • SUMO-2 induces the translation of proteins like cyclinD1 and c-myc, which are vital for cell proliferation and apoptosis.
  • Overexpression of SUMO-2 counteracted the inhibitory effects of 4EGI-1 on eIF4F complex formation and cap-dependent translation.
  • SUMO-2 knockdown impaired cap-dependent translation, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • SUMO-2 conjugation plays a critical regulatory role in mammalian protein synthesis.
  • SUMO-2 influences mRNA translation through its effect on eIF4F complex formation.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of protein translation and the broader role of SUMOylation.