Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

49
Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy:...
49
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

801
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
801
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.7K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.7K
Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia01:26

Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia

48
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ due to enhanced cell division. It is an adaptive, controlled response to stimuli such as injury, hormones, or stress, involving mitosis to produce genetically identical cells and support tissue repair and regeneration.Tissue CapacityCertain tissues, including the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, and fibroblasts, have a high potential for hyperplasia. Others, such as bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle, show...
48
Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy01:23

Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy

64
Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...
64
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

902
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
902

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Aneurysms: A Large Multicenter International Cohort.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Evolution and Transformation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From a High Risk to a Treatable Low Mortality Disease With Contemporary Clinical Research Strategies.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Genotype and Family History as Risk Markers of Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Large-scale genome-wide association analyses identify novel genetic loci and mechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Nature genetics·2025
Same author

Myocardial Scarring and Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

JAMA cardiology·2024
Same author

Clonal haematopoiesis is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

European journal of heart failure·2024
Same journal

Life's essential 8 and its role in cardiovascular health: evolution, evidence, and future directions.

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
Same journal

Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and aspirin initiated within 72 hours after mild ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA by sex: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the INSPIRES trial.

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
Same journal

Approaches to transcatheter aortic valve replacement failure: is more focus on prevention required?

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
Same journal

Vericiguat for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a perspective from approval to real-world clinical treatment.

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
Same journal

Early autonomic neuropathy in prediabetes: an overlooked driver of cardiometabolic risk.

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
Same journal

Contemporary approach and key considerations to asymptomatic aortic stenosis treatment.

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level
06:02

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

6.6K

Physiologic or pathologic hypertrophy: how can we know?

Emily J Lai1, Harry Rakowski

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G2N2, Canada.

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
|June 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be challenging due to concentric hypertrophy and phenocopies like Anderson-Fabry disease and cardiac amyloidosis. This review highlights key features to resolve diagnostic dilemmas in these complex cases.

Keywords:
Anderson-Fabry diseaseathlete’s heartcardiac amyloidosishypertrophic cardiomyopathyleft ventricular hypertrophy

More Related Videos

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

5.3K
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level
06:02

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

6.6K
Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

5.3K
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is usually diagnosed via clinical and imaging data.
  • Diagnostic uncertainty arises from concentric hypertrophy mimicking physiologic athlete's heart or from HCM phenocopies.

Discussion:

  • Phenocopies such as Anderson-Fabry disease and cardiac amyloidosis present with LVH, complicating HCM diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing features of these conditions are crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
  • Reviewing these entities aids in resolving diagnostic challenges in unclear HCM cases.

Key Insights:

  • HCM diagnosis relies on clinical and imaging findings, but differentiation from other conditions is critical.
  • Concentric hypertrophy can be mistaken for athlete's heart, necessitating further investigation.
  • Anderson-Fabry disease and cardiac amyloidosis are key differential diagnoses for HCM.

Outlook:

  • Further research into genetic markers and advanced imaging techniques will refine HCM diagnosis.
  • Improved understanding of HCM phenocopies will enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies.
  • This review provides a framework for clinicians facing diagnostic challenges in LVH evaluation.