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Ultrastructure of internal jugular vein defective valves
P Zamboni1, V Tisato2, E Menegatti3
1Vascular Disease Center, University of Ferrara, Italy Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy paolozamboni@icloud.com.
Scanning electron microscopy revealed intraluminal defects in the internal jugular vein (IJV) of patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. These defects lacked endothelial cells, suggesting a significant abnormality in venous structure.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Microscopy
- Venous Anatomy
Background:
- Intraluminal defects in the internal jugular vein (IJV) are implicated in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI).
- The ultrastructure of these defects and their relationship to the IJV wall require detailed investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the ultrastructure of intraluminal defects in the IJV using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- To compare the morphology of defective IJV segments with control specimens.
Main Methods:
- SEM was employed to examine intraluminal septa and/or defective valves in the distal IJV of seven patients.
- Adjacent IJV walls were also analyzed and compared to control samples.
Main Results:
- The IJV wall in affected patients exhibited significant derangement of the endothelial layer compared to controls.
- Defective cusps surprisingly lacked endothelial cells, with their surface covered by a fibro-reticular lamina.
Conclusions:
- The absence of endothelial cells in IJV intraluminal obstacles is an additional abnormality associated with CCSVI.
- The primary cause of this endothelial loss (primary defect vs. secondary to hemodynamic forces or remodeling) remains unclear.
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