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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and...
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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Autonomic modulation in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Raelene E Maser1, M James Lenhard2, Paul Kolm3

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
|June 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and aortocaval compression reduce autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in late pregnancy, affecting both branches but not sympathovagal balance. This impacts cardiovascular ANS function in pregnant women.

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous systemCardiovascular autonomic functionGestational diabetes mellitusHeart rate variabilityPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Autonomic nervous system function
  • Pregnancy complications

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication.
  • Positional aortocaval compression is a physiological change in late pregnancy.
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is crucial for cardiovascular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence of GDM and positional aortocaval compression on cardiovascular ANS function in late pregnancy.
  • To compare ANS function between women with and without GDM.
  • To assess changes in ANS function from late pregnancy to postpartum.

Main Methods:

  • Power spectral analysis and RR-variation during deep breathing were used to measure ANS function.
  • Pregnant women with (n=31) and without (n=12) GDM were assessed in late pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures analyzed time-related changes.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in ANS measures were found between GDM+ and GDM- women.
  • Total spectral power, LF power, HF power, and RR-variation were significantly reduced in late pregnancy (p<0.001).
  • The LF/HF ratio, indicating sympathovagal balance, was not significantly affected.

Conclusions:

  • Late pregnancy is associated with decreased activity in both branches of the ANS.
  • No significant change in sympathovagal balance was observed.
  • Aortocaval compression appears to impact ANS function regardless of GDM status or testing position.