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WSSV-induced crayfish Dscam shows durable immune behavior.

Tze Hann Ng1, Hsin-Yi Hung1, Yi-An Chiang1

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|June 29, 2014
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The hypervariable Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) in crayfish supports long-term anti-viral immune memory. While CqDscam aids survival during persistent infection, it does not confer protection against secondary challenges.

Keywords:
Anti-virus immune memoryCrayfishDown syndrome cell adhesion moleculeDurable immune behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Arthropod Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding long-term immune priming mechanisms in arthropods remains incomplete.
  • Hypervariable Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) is a potential candidate for mediating prolonged innate immunity.
  • The specific roles and temporal dynamics of Dscam in arthropod immune responses require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CqDscam in mediating long-term immune responses in the arthropod Cherax quadricarinatus.
  • To determine the temporal expression patterns of CqDscam following viral challenge.
  • To assess the functional capacity of virus-induced CqDscam in neutralizing viral particles and providing protection against infection.

Main Methods:

  • Viral challenge of Cherax quadricarinatus.
  • Quantitative analysis of CqDscam gene expression over time.
  • In vitro binding assays of CqDscam to viral virions.
  • Assessment of protection against viral infection and subsequent challenges.

Main Results:

  • CqDscam expression was delayed after viral challenge, peaking at 2-5 days and again around 1 month post-challenge.
  • Virus-induced CqDscam bound to viral particles approximately 2 months after initial challenge, neutralizing the virus.
  • CqDscam facilitated survival during persistent infection but did not provide cross-protection against a subsequent WSSV challenge.
  • Persistent viral infection altered the immune landscape, depleting general immune factors while CqDscam became predominant.

Conclusions:

  • CqDscam exhibits characteristics supporting extended anti-viral immune memory in arthropods.
  • The temporal regulation and functional activity of CqDscam suggest a role beyond immediate innate immunity.
  • Further research into Dscam's role is crucial for understanding arthropod adaptive immunity and developing novel disease control strategies.