Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.3K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.3K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.5K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.5K
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

1.2K
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
1.2K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

2.0K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
2.0K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.4K
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

41
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
41

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Semaglutide Injection Once-Weekly for Weight Management in Adults: Results From A Randomized Phase III, Active-Controlled Study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Managing Antipsychotic-associated Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Endocrine Society of India's National White Paper on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - A Call for Action.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Beyond the Needle: Reimagining Insulin Delivery and the Evolution of Inhaled Insulins.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same author

Inhaled Insulin Decoded: Dispelling Myths and Presenting Clinical Evidence.

Cureus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.7K

Insulin therapy: going the "smarter" way.

Sanjay Kalra, Ameya Joshi, Girish Parmar1

  • 1Bharti Hospital & B.R.I.D.E., Karnal 132001, India. brideknl@gmail.com.

Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic smart insulins offer a promising approach to automated glucose control, integrating glucose sensors with insulin delivery systems. This review explores the concept and recent advancements in smart insulin technology for improved diabetes management.

More Related Videos

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING
07:36

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING

Published on: March 14, 2019

8.4K
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

70.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.7K
Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING
07:36

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING

Published on: March 14, 2019

8.4K
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

70.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Insulin therapy has progressed from animal sources to recombinant human insulin and synthetic analogues.
  • Insulin delivery methods have advanced from injections to pumps and sensor-augmented pumps.
  • Achieving a fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery system remains a significant challenge in diabetes care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles of smart insulin systems.
  • To summarize recent developments and innovations in smart insulin technology.
  • To highlight emerging trends and patent activity in the field of smart insulin.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of recent patent filings related to smart insulin.
  • Synthesis of information on glucose-sensing and insulin-release mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Smart insulins represent a novel approach combining glucose sensing with triggered insulin release.
  • Recent research and patents indicate significant progress in developing functional smart insulin systems.
  • The technology holds potential for more precise and responsive glucose regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Smart insulin systems are a key area of research for future diabetes management.
  • Continued innovation in sensor technology and responsive insulin formulations is crucial.
  • The development of smart insulins promises to bring automated closed-loop systems closer to reality.