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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
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Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

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Elbow fractures and dislocations.

Kevin J Little1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 2017, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric elbow fractures are common. While most require simple immobilization, severe cases may need surgery or close monitoring for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Elbow dislocationsLateral condyleMedal epicondyleMonteggiaOlecranonRadial neckSupracondylar

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pediatric Orthopedics

Background:

  • Elbow fractures are frequent pediatric injuries.
  • Most pediatric elbow injuries are stable and managed non-operatively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common pediatric elbow fractures and dislocations.
  • To discuss the evaluation and management of these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric elbow trauma.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Common fractures and dislocations are identified.
  • Treatment varies from simple immobilization to operative intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are crucial for pediatric elbow injuries.
  • Management strategies should address fracture stability and severity.